Nov 25, 2014
Nov 24, 2014
Greek-Turkish War (1920-21)
Greek-Turkish War (1920-21)
Greek forces with the authorization of the Supreme Allied War Council occupied Adrianopolis (Edirne), Bursa, and Izmir (Izmir).
The Greeks landed with the support of associate degree Allied flotilla (summer and fall of 1919). The Turks failed to resist and also the Greek forces advanced to Usak, a hundred seventy five kilometers interior from urban center. The Turks did resist the Greek advance into Anatolia. The initial fighting was inconclusive (1920). This modified in 1921.
Armenian War (1919-21)
Armenian War (1919-21)
The Armenians announced a republic (1919). The Allies supported associate degree Armenian state. The Armeniam population in japanese Anatolia, however, had been desimated by the Turkish kill throughout the War. The Turks defeated the Armenians and occupied the Kars region (Summer 1921). the remainder of Hayastan was annexed by the country.
Conference of Lausanne (July 1923)
Conference of Lausanne (July 1923)
Turkey tried to be the sole member of the alliance defeated in warfare I to barter with the Allies as associate degree equal basis and to influence the provisions of the ensuing accord.
the opposite warfare I peace treaties were determined by the Allies. Turkish diplomacy, their defeat of the Greeks, and robust point round the Bosphorus/Dardanelles, forced the Allies to renegotiate the Sèvres pact. There was no political support in either United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or France to renew hostilities with Turkey that was the sole method of maintaining management over the Bosphorus/Dardanelles and different pact terms.
Turkish Republic
Turkish Republic
The Grand National Assembly in response to Allied wishes to incorporate each the new Republican Government and also the the Otooman Istambul governent in peace negotioations approved a resolution separating the workplaces of swayer and Muhammadan and abolished the office of the swayer (November 1922). This primarily brought the Ottoman Empire to Associate in Nursing finish.
The Assembly took the position that the Istanbul Ottoman government ceased to be the govt of Turkey once the Allies occupied town. Mehmed VI World Health Organization for many years had been a figurehead went into exile on Malta, a British possession. His cousin, Abdülmecid, was named Muhammadan.
The Grand National Assembly declared the Republic of Turkey (October twenty nine, 1923). Atatürk was named Turkey's 1st president. national capital became the primary capital. Atatürk persued a policy of modernization, reform, and industry.
a very important facet of Atatürk's program was the secularization of Turkish society. He well reduced iIslam's once pervasive role in Turkish society. He replaced Arabic with the Roman alphabet for the Turkish language. Atatürk died in 1938. bit by bit parliamentary government and a competitive multiparty system became accepted in Turkey, though there have been periods of instability and even periods of military rule.
Nov 16, 2014
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
"My country hearkens on behalf of me, why ought to I waste my time here within the Security Council?" (United Nations, ny town, Gregorian calendar month fifteen, 1971)
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was born on January five, 1928. He was the sole son of Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto completed his early education from Bombay's Cathedral highschool. In 1947, he joined the University of Southern Golden State, and later the University of Golden State at Berkeley in June 1949. when finishing his degree with honors in social science at Berkeley in June 1950, he was admitted to Oxford.
In early 1972, Bhutto nationalized 10 classes of major industries, and withdrew West Pakistan from the Commonwealth of countries and S. E. A. T. O. once kingdom and different western countries recognized the new state of Asian country. On March 1, he introduced land reforms, and on Gregorian calendar month two, 1972, signed the Simla Agreement with Asian nation, that made-up the method for the come of occupied lands and therefore the unharness of Pakistani prisoners captured in East Pakistan within the 1971 war.
After the National Assembly passed the 1973 Constitution, Bhutto was sworn-in because the Prime Minister of the country.
On Gregorian calendar month thirty, 1973, Bhutto ordered the muse of Pakistan's initial manufacturing plant at Pipri, close to urban center. On January one, 1974, Bhutto nationalized all banks. On day, 1974, the second Moslem Summit was inaugurated in city. Heads of States of most of the thirty eight Moslem countries attended the Summit.
Bhutto was born close to Larkana, in Sind Province (then a {part of} British India; part of West Pakistan since 1947). He was descended from a long-established family of Muslim landlords and politicians.
His father, Shah Nawaz Bhutto, became a serious figure in Indian colonial politics, receiving aristocracy for his work with a people government on problems with Indian autonomy.
Bhutto grew up in Mumbai (now Mumbai), receiving his education at the elite Doon college. At age thirteen he was married to his cousin-german, an heiress. As a student, Bhutto met Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the long run start father of West Pakistan, and took part within the movement to partition Asian nation so as to form West Pakistan as AN freelance state for Indian Muslims.
In office, Bhutto introduced socialist economic reforms whereas operating to stop any longer division of the country. He nationalized Pakistan’s major industries, insurance corporations, and personal faculties and schools.
though still a serious owner, dubbed by his opponents the "Raja of Larkana," Bhutto enacted tax relief for the country’s poorest agricultural staff and placed ceilings ashore possession. He countered proponent movements all told of Pakistan's provinces, raised law in 1972, and pushed through a brand new
The Dominion was dissolved on twenty three March 1956 and replaced by the Islamic Republic of Asian country, with the last Governor-General, Iskandar Mirza, because the initial president.[78] simply 2 years later the military took management of the state.[79] marshall Ayub Khan became president and started a brand new system of state known as Basic Democracy with a brand new constitution,[80] by that associate degree body of eighty,000 would choose the President.
Ayub Khan nearly lost the arguable 1965 presidential elections to Moslem statesman.[81] throughout Ayub's rule, relations with the us and therefore the West grew stronger.
Asian country joined 2 formal military alliances — the Bagdad accord (later referred to as the Central written agreement Organization or CENTO) including Persia, Iraq, and Turkey to defend the center East and gulf against the Soviet Union;[82] and therefore the geographical region written agreement Organization (SEATO) that lined South-East Asia.[83] but, the us shocked
{pakistan|Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Asian country|West Pakistan|Asian country|Asian nation} by adopting a policy of denying military aid to each Republic of India and Pakistan throughout the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 over geographical area and therefore the Rann of tannin.[84] A positive gain of the treaties was the re-srengthening of Pakistan's shut historical bonds with its western neighbours.
During the Sixties, amidst the allegations that economic development and hiring for presidency jobs favoured West Pakistan, there was an increase in Bengali nationalism associate degreed an independence movement in People's Republic of Bangladesh began to assemble ground.
when a nationwide revolt in 1969, General Ayub Khan stepped down from workplace, handing power to General Yahya Khan, United Nations agency secure to carry general elections at the top of 1970. On the eve of the elections, a cyclone affected People's Republic of Bangladesh killing more or less five hundred,000 people.
Despite the tragedy and therefore the further problem knowledgeable about by affected voters in reaching the selection sites, the elections were control and therefore the results showed a transparent division between East and West Pakistan. The Awami League, LED by tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a majority with 167 of the 169 East Pakistani seats, however with no seats in West Pakistan, wherever the Asian country Peoples Party (PPP) LED by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, won eighty five seats, none in People's Republic of Bangladesh. However, Yahya Khan and Bhutto refused handy over power to tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Meanwhile, tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman initiated a direct action movement, that was powerfully supported by the overall population of People's Republic of Bangladesh, as well as most government employees. A roundtable between Yahya, Bhutto, and tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman was convened in Dacca, which, however, finished while not an answer.
shortly thenceforth, the West Pakistani Army commenced Operation light, associate degree organized crushing on the East Pakistani army, police, politicians, civilians, and students in Dacca. tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman and plenty of alternative Awami League leaders were inactive, whereas others fled to near Republic of India. tribal sheikh Mujibur Rahman was taken to West Pakistan.
The crushing widened and escalated into a guerrilla warfare between the Pakistani Army and therefore the Mukti Bahini (Bengali "freedom fighters").[8] In March 1971, India's Prime Minister proclaimed support for the Liberation War, providing military help. Ultimately three hundred,000 to 3,000,000 died within the war[85] and millions Hindus and Bengali fled to Republic of India.[86] On twenty seven March 1971, Major Ziaur Rahman, a geographical areai war-veteran of the East Bengal Regiment of the Asian country Army, declared the independence of Asian country|Bangla Desh|East Pakistan|Asian country|Asian nation} because the new nation of Bangladesh on behalf of Mujib.
Following a amount of covert and overt intervention by Indian forces within the conflict, open hostilities poor out between Republic of India and Asian country on three December 1971. In People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Pakistani Army LED by General A. A. K. Niazi, had already been weakened and exhausted by the Mukti Bahini's guerrilla warfare. Outflanked and powerless , the Pakistani army within the jap theatre given on sixteen December 1971, with nearly ninety,000 troopers taken as prisoners of war.
The result was the defacto emergence of the new nation of People's Republic of Bangladesh,[9] therefore ending twenty four years of turbulent union of the 2 wings. The figures of the Bengali civilian toll from the whole warfare vary greatly, looking on the sources. though the killing of Bengalis was unsupported by the folks of West Pakistan, it continued for nine months. Pakistan's official report, by the Hamood-ur-Rahman Commission, placed the figure at solely twenty six,000, whereas estimates vary up to three million.
Discredited by the defeat, General Yahya Khan resigned and Bhutto was inaugurated as president and chief law administrator on twenty December 1971.
Mohammad Ayub Khan,
(born could fourteen, 1907, Hazāra, India—died Apr nineteen, 1974, close to Islāmābād, Pak.), president of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969, whose rule marked a crucial amount within the fashionable development of his nation.
After finding out at Alīgarh Muslim University, in province, India, and at Brits Royal Military faculty, at Sandhurst, Ayub Khan was commissioned a politician within the Indian army (1928).
In warfare II he was deputy of a regiment in Union of Burma (Myanmar) and commanded a battalion in India. when the 1947 partition of British India he was chop-chop promoted within the army of the new Muslim state of Pakistan: from major general (1948) to commander in chief (1951). additionally, Ayub became minister of defense (1954) for a quick amount.
After many years of political turmoil in Pakistan, in 1958 President Iskander Mirza, with army support, abrogated the constitution and appointed Ayub as chief jurisprudence administrator. Soon after, Ayub had himself declared president, and Mirza was exiled. Ayub organized the administration and acted to revive the economy through rural reforms and stimulation of trade. Foreign investment was conjointly inspired.
Ayub introduced the system of “basic democracies” in 1960. It consisted of a network of native autonomous bodies to produce a link between the govt and also the folks. Primary governing units were started to conduct native affairs; their members were elective by constituencies of 800–1,000 adults. A national vote among all those elective confirmed Ayub as president.
He was reelected below this technique in 1965, against a powerful challenge from associate opposition united behind Fatima statesman, the sister of Mehemet Ali statesman, the creator of Pakistan.
When the u. s. began to rearm {india|India|Republic of India|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} when China’s invasion of northern India in 1962, Ayub established shut relations with China and received substantial military aid from it. within the in the meantime, Pakistan’s dispute with India over Jammu and Cashmere worsened, culminating within the occurrence of war in 1965. when time period of fighting, either side united to a UN-called armistice and came to a boundary settlement.
The failure to realize Cashmere, combined with student unrest over right to vote restrictions thus intense internal turmoil that at the top of 1968 Ayub declared he wouldn't represent election. Riots continuing, and he resigned his workplace on March twenty six, 1969, to be succeeded by General Yahya Khan, commander in chief of the military.
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was the one World Health Organization implemented law for the third time within the transient history of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Second kid and eldest son of Muhammad Akram, a coach within the British Army, Zia-ul-Haq was born on August twelve, 1924, at Jalandhar.
After receiving his early education from Government highschool Simla, he did his B. A. Honors from St. Sir Leslie Stephen school, Delhi. He was commissioned within the British Army in 1943 and served in Myanmar, Asian nation and state throughout war II. once the war was over, he determined to hitch the armored corps. At the time of Independence, like most of the Muslim officers within the British Army, Zia-ul-Haq opted to hitch the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Army.
As a significant he got a chance to try to to a coaching course within the Commander and workers school of u. s. of America in 1963-64. throughout the 1965 War, he acted because the Assistant Quarter Master of one hundred and one foot Division, that was announce at the Kiran Sector.
He remained announce in Jordan from 1967 until 1970, wherever he was concerned in coaching Jordon’s military. He was appointed as Corps Commander of Multan in 1975.
Bhutto most likely needed someone because the head of the defense force World Health Organization wouldn't encourage be a threat for him, and also the best offered choice was the straightforward General World Health Organization was apparently interested solely in providing prayers and taking part in golf. However, history well-tried that General Zia-ul-Haq well-tried to be abundant smarter than Bhutto thought.
once political tension reached its climax owing to the standstill between Bhutto and also the leadership of Islamic Republic of Pakistan National Alliance on the difficulty of general elections, Zia-ul-Haq took advantage of things. On July 5, 1977, he dispensed a bloodless coup overthrowing Bhutto’s government and implemented law within the country.
After presumptuous power as Chief law Administrator, Zia-ul-Haq secure to carry National and Provincial Assembly elections within the next ninety days and handy over power to the representatives of the state. However, in October 1977, he declared the postponement of the electoral set up Associate in Nursingd determined to start out an responsibleness method of the politicians. in an exceedingly statement, he same that he modified his call owing to the robust public demand for the scrutiny of political leaders World Health Organization had indulged in malpractice within the past
. The Disqualification assembly was developed and lots of former Members of Parliament were disqualified from taking part in politics at any level for future seven years. A white book was additionally issued that criticized the activities of Islamic Republic of Pakistan folks Party’s government underneath Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
With the retirement of Fazal Ilahi, Zia-ul-Haq additionally assumed the workplace of President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan on September sixteen, 1978. within the absence of a Parliament, Zia-ul-Haq determined to line up an alternate system. He introduced Majlis-i-Shoora in 1980. Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals, scholars, ulema, journalists, economists and professionals happiness to completely different fields of life.
The Shoora was to act as a board of advisors to the President. the concept of building this establishment wasn't dangerous however the most drawback was that each one 284 members of the Shoora were to be appointed by the President and therefore there was no area for dissention.
In the middle 80s, Zia-ul-Haq determined to satisfy his promise of holding elections within the country. however before returning the facility to the general public representatives, he determined to secure his position. vote was command within the county in Gregorian calendar month 1984, and also the lots got the choice to elect or reject the final because the future President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
The question asked within the vote was phrased in an exceedingly means that Zia-ul-Haq’s conclusion was associated with the method of Islamization within the country. in keeping with the official result, quite ninety five p.c of the votes were forged in favor of Zia-ul-Haq, therefore he was electoral as President for future 5 years.
After being electoral President, Zia-ul-Haq determined to carry elections within the country in Gregorian calendar month 1985 on a non-party basis. Most of the political parties determined to boycott the elections however election results showed that several victors belonged to at least one party or the opposite. to create things easier for himself, the final appointed the Prime Minister from amongst the Members of the Assembly.
To many, his nomination of Muhammad Khan Junejo because the Prime Minister was as a result of he needed an easy person at the post World Health Organization would act as a puppet in his hands. Before returning the facility to the new Government he created sure Amendments within the Constitution and got them supported from the Parliament before lifting the state of emergency within the county. owing to this Eighth modification within the Constitution, the powers of the President were increased to Associate in Nursing absolute level on the plea of safeguarding national integrity.
As time passed, the Parliamentarians needed to own a lot of freedom and power. By the start of 1988, rumors regarding the variations between the Prime Minister and Zia-ul-Haq were rife. the final feeling was that the President, World Health Organization had enjoyed absolute power for eight long years, wasn't able to share it with anybody else. On May 29, 1988, Zia-ul-Haq finally dissolved the National Assembly and removed the Prime Minister underneath article 58(2) b of the amended Constitution. aside from several different reasons, Junejo’s call to sign the Geneva Accord against the desires of Zia-ul-Haq well-tried to be one amongst the main factors answerable for his removal.
After eleven years, Zia-ul-Haq once more created constant promise to the state to carry contemporary elections among next ninety days. With Benazir Bhutto back within the country and also the Muslim League leadership aggravated with the President over the choice of might twenty nine, Zia-ul-Haq was treed within the most tough scenario of his political life. the sole choice left for him was to repeat history and to shelve the elections once more.
However, before taking any call, Zia-ul-Haq died in Associate in Nursing air crash close to Bhawalpur on August seventeen, 1988. The accident well-tried to be terribly pricey for the country as virtually the complete military elite of Islamic Republic of Pakistan was aboard. although United States’ Ambassador to Islamic Republic of Pakistan was additionally killed within the misfortune, nonetheless several don't rule out U. S. involvement within the sabotage. They believe that u. s. couldn't afford Islamic Republic of Pakistan to oppose Geneva Accord and therefore they removed the most important hurdle in their means.
The remains of Zia-ul-Haq were buried within the premises of king house of God, Islamabad. His death brought an oversized range of mourners to attend his ceremony, as well as an oversized range of Afghanis, that well-tried to be one amongst the most important within the history of the country.
During his rule, Zia-ul-Haq tried his utmost to take care of shut ties with the Muslim World. He created vigorous efforts together with different Muslim States to bring Associate in Nursing finish to the war between Asian country and Iraq. Islamic Republic of Pakistan joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1979 throughout Zia-ul-Haq’s term. He additionally fought a war by proxy in Asian nation and saved Islamic Republic of Pakistan from a right away war with land.
Nov 4, 2014
Colosseum Rome Italy..
The Colosseum or Roman arena, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is Associate in Nursing elliptical amphitheatre within the center of the town of Rome, Italy, the most important ever in-built the empire. it's one amongst the best works of classical architecture and Roman engineering.
Occupying a website simply east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between seventy and seventy two AD below the emperor Emperor of Rome and was completed in eighty AD below Titus, with additional modifications being created throughout Domitian's reign (81–96).
The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from each Vespasian's and Titus's cognomen (Flavius, from the gens Flavia).
roman Colosseum
Capable of seating fifty,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for combatant contests and public spectacles. furthermore because the combatant games, alternative public spectacles were command there, like mock ocean battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of celebrated battles, and dramas supported mythology.
The building ceased to be used for amusement within the early medieval era. it had been later reused for such functions as housing, workshops, quarters for a spiritual order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
It has been calculable that regarding five hundred,000 individuals and over 1,000,000 wild animals died within the Colosseum games.Although within the twenty first century it stays part ruined thanks to harm caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is Associate in Nursing painting image of Imperial Rome and its breakthrough achievements in earthquake engineering.
it's one amongst Rome's most well liked holidaymaker attractions and still has shut connections with the Roman church, as every Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.The roman Colosseum is additionally pictured on the Italian version of the five-cent monetary unit coin
CHRIST THE REDEEMER.
BRAZIL
This sculpture of Logos stands some thirty eight meters tall, atop the Corcovado mountain commanding DE Janeiro|Rio|city|metropolis|urban center} de Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor DA timberland Costa and created by French sculptor Paul Landowski, it's one in all the world’s known monuments. The sculpture took 5 years to construct and was inaugurated on Discovery Day, 1931. it's become an emblem of town and of the heat of the Brazilian individuals, United Nations agency receive guests with open arms.
PETRA WONDER OF THE WORLD.
JORDAN
On the sting of the desert, Petra was the scintillant capital of the Nabataean empire of King Aretas IV (9 B.C. to 40 A.D.). Masters of water technology, the Nabataeans provided their town with nice tunnel constructions and water chambers.
A theater, modelled on Greek-Roman prototypes, had area for AN audience of four,000. Today, the Palace Tombs of Petra, with the 42-meter-high Hellenistical temple facade on the El-Deir religious residence, area unit spectacular samples of Middle Eastern culture.
THE TAJ MAHAL
This Brobdingnagian sepulture was engineered on the orders of Emperor, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late woman.
engineered out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is thought to be the foremost excellent jewel of Muslim art in Asian nation.
The emperor was consequently imprisoned and, it is said, might then solely see the Taj Mahal out of his tiny cell window.
SHER SHAH SURI
Sher Shah Suri, “The Lion King”, founding father of the Suri family, was born in 1472 in geographic area. His original name was Farid. He was the son of a petty Afghan Jagirdar. cuffed by his stepparent, he left home at associate early age.
He visited Jaunpur wherever he set himself to serious study and there he noninheritable smart command over the Arabic and Persian languages. as a result of his skills, he was presently appointed by his father to manage the family Jagir. however once more as a result of his stepparent, he left his father’s Jagir and visited state wherever he later joined the service of Babur.
Seeing the weaknesses within the Mughal rule and military organization, Sher Shah took advantage of the issues baby-faced by Humayun. Eventually he managed to overthrow the Mughal rulers. His reign barely spanned 5 years, however may be a landmark within the history of the Sub-continent. together with his deep information and sensible expertise, he created several good additions and enhancements to the existent system. Sher Shah was a capable military and civilian administrator. He found out reforms in varied areas.
Akbar later engineered on these reforms and extended them additional. several of those reforms pertained to the military, however the principal reforms that he's remembered area unit those connected with revenue administration. varied civil works were administrated throughout his short reign.
Sher Shah dominated for a brief amount of 5 years within which he not solely consolidated his power however conjointly caused vital reforms. He died in 1545 from a explosive explosion. He was a sensible and farsighted ruler United Nations agency was method prior to his contemporaries. he's remembered in history for the various reforms that he undertook to strengthen the govt.. He was in reality the best ruler that Saturday upon the throne of urban center.
ROMEO And JULIET.
Love is that the worlds greatest supply of passion. most are capable of affection and everybody will have true love.
although love may be a sensible feeling, it's additionally one amongst the largest human flaws. once one is gaga, they'll do something to be with this person.
they need no concern for the amount of rules of morals that square measure broken as long as they will be with the one they truely love. Some take their actions from defying folks and friends to committing suicide. dramatist describes the facility have an effect onion} and therefore the affect it's, through one amongst the best love stories of all of human beings. Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet takes the reader/audience through the link between Romeo and Juliet. we have a tendency to square measure shown love and hate, passion and committment, and eventually, we have a tendency to square measure shown true love and true sacrifice.
Is it attainable that love at clenched fist sight very exists? That there square measure such forces like fate, that compell someone to search out true love and ne'er jilting despite what the cercumstance might become? The answers to those queries square measure found in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
The Capulets and therefore the Montegues square measure natural enemies. The hate between these 2 families run deep, however fate would have it that Romeo (a Montegue) and Juliet (a Capulet) square measure the rare exception to the hate.
the instant that Romeo sees Juliet at the Masquerade he is aware of she is that the one and asks "Did my heart love until now? Forswearit, sight, for i never saw true beauty until tonight (Shakespeare, 53)." Romeo and Juliet rebell against all UN agency exchange the method of their love, betrataying their loyalties to family.
Romeo and Juliet show what true love is after they square measure managing of these adversities and nonetheless they still hold on and fight to guard their love. Of course, the 2 housholds were fully against the thought of Romeo and Juliet being along however Romeo and Juliet didnt care.
the 2 lovers felt that they couldnt live while not each other which they might do no matter it takes to be along even though it killed them. Juliet fakes a death to flee her family, however Romeo is unaware. once he finds his love "dead", he decides to require his own life, swollowing poison he had bought for the druggist. Juliet awakens from her sleep to search out her expensive Romeo birthing lifeless beside her. Her love for Romeo is therefore deep that qithout hesitation, she takes his dagger and ends her life.
Shakespeare has shown the reader/sundience that true love could be a powerful factor and it's to be taken seriously. He shws specifically what true love is, through the journey of Romeo and Juliet. Fate additionally plays as a serious theme in Romeo and Juliet. it's fate that Romeo and Juliet, World Health Organization were born as enemies, would meet and fall crazy.
it's determined by fate that the sole manner for Romeo and Juliet to truely be along is thru death. Not even death will seperate true love and also the 2 "star-crosssed lovers take their life" in a trial of happiness along (Shakespeare, 35). True love may be represented as an individual's flaw as a result of it's the foremost powerful feeling. Love trumps all and if it's real, then there's no stopping it.
Love makes individuals do crazy things and it might seem that once an individual is crazy, they're not living for themself; they're living for the opposite person, solely want for his or her happiness. once somebody is crazy, they show weakness. individuals can do something and everything for true love, although it's what eventually results in their downfall within the finish.
MIRZA GHALIB
Mirza Ghalib
was born in metropolis during a family descended from Aibak Turks World Health Organization enraptured to Samarkand once the downfall of the Seljuk kings.
Ghalib started composing poetry at the age of eleven. His tongue was Urdu, however Persian and Turkish were additionally spoken reception.
His most far-famed poetry originated in Bahadur Shah Zafar II’s royal court, wherever the Mughal Emperor revived upon him the title of “Dabeer-ul-Mulk.” He was the Emperor’s author tutor, and was appointed the royal scholar of the Mughal Court. Ghalib is usually thought-about to be the best Urdu author within the history of the language.
Ghalib himself took much more pride in his poetic achievements in Persian, though he's nowadays additional far-famed for his Urdu poetry. Not solely is he well supposed in Urdu speaking circles within the landmass, he's additionally very fashionable within the Urdu speaking diaspora round the world.
Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib’s poetry reflects the journey from nothingness to a completely human affirmation. His distinctive form of poetry enclosed keeping the gender of the topic indeterminate to stay the message within the ghazal universal and applicable to all or any.
Ghalib was a really liberal Sufi Muslim, encouraging individuals to appear on the far side the letter of the law and towards its true essence.
Ghalib died on Gregorian calendar month fifteenth, 1869.
QUDRAT ULLAH SHAHAB
Shahabnama and Qudratuallah Shahab
I started reading a book back in Gregorian calendar (june) month and finished it reading some days back however still i m powerless to urge out of its connected feelings that comes with the book that was initial printed in 1986 simply some days once weeks or in all probability few days once his death
The Book Shahabnama is AN biography of Qudratullah shahab and is written himself by Q.U. Shahab, it's full of sweet and real story that touches the guts, there ar several valuable lessons on life, the book teaches US that life is fragile and may be treated intrinsically wherever each moment has to be cherished and each relationship savored, for those that typically get busy and neglect the easy, additional lovely significant things in life, Shahabnama would be a take-heed call.
It is an exquisite book in its simplicity, within the main its a memoir of Qudratullah Shahab, this book permits one to suppose and ponder regarding what ought to be necessary in our lives and to live over those things before its too late, his words and insights have a straightforward clarity, which might of course survive within the hearts of the readers
i think every and each young Pakistani ought to browse the book, whether or not he/she could be a educatee or AN Arts student, this book is written on life as whole, I don’t wish to reveal the charm and deep insights of the book by reviewing it like this. All i'd wish to say is that goto a book store close to you and obtain your copy of Shahabnama with none problem and tussle.
There ar chapters full of laughs, cries and inspirations, futrue of Asian nation within the mirror of past and gift, it's its coping with the corruption of bureaucrats, civil servants, ministers and rulers, chapters on English rulers time, Hindus and their twin personalities, real face of J.L. Nehru and Sikh’s thus referred to as sensible Intentions and deeds towards Muslim throughout the time of partition and before it,
His short however attention-grabbing conferences with some nice personalities Like “The Quaid-e-Azam” an evening in Masjid-e-Aqsa, Marshall laws and their internet of corruptions and inthe finish the foremost necessary chapter regarding his reference to mysticism that belongs to Owaisiah chain of religious mysticism.
for me the Author is so a sufi of contemporary time as his last chapter is true sign and proof of him being a sufi, i'm deeply bit and impressed by his temperament and his life, he was born in 1917 in Giglgit, most of his early schooling was wiped out geographic region later once Partition he work as functionary of Islamic Republic of Pakistan,
he breath his last in 1986 and is resting in peace during a grave yard in Islamabad, his is married person Dr. Iffat Shahab was so another nice human and proves to be authors nice support throughout his life, she died in European nation and is resting in peace in town Grave Yard not to date from London, she was an excellent soul too like his Husband, might Allah bless them each by his greatest blessing (Amen).
Mao Zedong
1893-1976
Mao Zedong was a Chinese revolutionary that promoted a complete of Marxism-Lennism named communism. He was responsible of the Communist Party of China that overthrew the Chiang Kai-shek's political party within the Chinese war, that is however he gained power.
He was acknowledged from his command in chief position in an exceedingly guerrilla warfare on the country of China. once rising to power he became one in all the deadliest leaders ever, killing over forty five,000,000 individuals; additional deaths than Der Fuhrer and Joseph Stalin combined from unsuccessful government policies and no regard for his people.
Significance
He is most acknowledged for his government policy, nice breakthrough, that went wrong from 1958-1961 that was alleged to increase production along side farming at the same time. This created the largest famine in human history, wiping out about twenty,000,000 - 30,000,000 people, such as the full population in American state. He conjointly had terribly unethical torture ways, like ripping a woman's breast open and burning the privates.
These techniques were principally used throughout 1949 - 1953 throughout the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, that killed associate degree calculable two,000,000 to a attainable five,000,000.
Connections
The amount of devastation and injury caused by Mao does not appear wide acknowledged, because the deaths did not have a dramatic impact on yank life. This killing bears one in all the very best death counts acknowledged so far and everybody ought to learn of the tragedy that happened thanks to him and to stop additional injury like this.
This directly connects to the conflict thanks to his major power in spreading communist and socialist ideas, that have still somewhat prevailed these days as China encompasses a partially communist primarily based government.
Wilbur and Orvlle Wright's.
On Gregorian calendar month seventeen, 1903, Orville Wright piloted the primary battery-powered heavier-than-air craft twenty feet higher than a wind-swept beach in North geographical region. The flight lasted twelve seconds and lined a hundred and twenty feet. 3 a lot of flights were created that day with
Wilbur flies a heavier-than-air craft in earlier tests
Kitty Hawk, Oct. 10, 1902.
Orville's brother Wilbur piloting the record flight lasting fifty nine seconds over a distance of 852 feet.
The brothers began their experimentation on the wing in 1896 at their bicycle look in Dayton, Ohio. they chose the beach at Kitty Hawk as their workplace thanks to the constant wind that superimposed elevate to their craft. In 1902 they came to the beach with their heavier-than-air craft and created quite 700 triple-crown flights.
Having formed glided flight, consecutive step was to maneuver to battery-powered flight. No automobile manufacturer may offer associate degree engine each light-weight enough and powerful enough for his or her desires. in order that they designed and engineered their own. All of their toil, experimentation and innovation came along that Gregorian calendar month day as they took to the sky and forever modified the course of history. The brothers notified many newspapers before their historic flight, however just one - the native journal - created mention of the event.
ALLAMA IQBAL
ALLAMA IQBAL
Sir Muhammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal, a philosopher, poet and politician in British India, the Pakistan movement is considered to be on a large scale to it.They have one of the most important personalities of Urdu literature, in both Urdu and Persian is considered to be the literary works. Iqbal, Pakistani, Indian and other international scholars of literature's renowned classical poets as much. Although most well known as a poet, he has been acclaimed as a modern Muslim scholar. His first book of poetry, mystery-e-khada, appeared in Persian in 1915, and other romaz bekhada, payam-i-books of poetry, the book of Psalms, etc., to the East, and other scripts are included.
Some of the most famous English works bang hairs are Zarb-i, Darius Gabriel and claim. His Urdu and Persian, Urdu and English poetry, speeches and letters, as well as cultural, social, religious and political conflicts over the years, are extremely influential. In 1922 he was King George v, by knaghotyd give
SHEIKH SAADI
A man of grace, the gift of divine lamp by their sins, but in spite of that, the gift of religious people, these bright circle droashas with the Association, as well as by the example of his righteousness, his role in that guide you in the way of the virtues of transmtad in diprawates, and he has passion and lust was automatically from legal action.
But spiteful of languages is as it was and as it ever was in terms of the role were fake piety involves arguments, favor.
An apology and repentance, but cannot be saved from the wrath of God is with men by languages cannot be saved.
The revalang method now complain about tolerance and tongues is Monday.
Sheikh wept and said: ' how well thou willed people is better than the concept of divine blessing to be able to be thankful for? '
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill
Early life, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born on 30 November 1874 for aristocratic family.
As he said to his father, saying, the Lord Randolph Churchill, his life-uz-Zaman, a British English family, and his mother, a living an independent-minded New York, jarome, sokalata to know what is the set up of these signs appear. As a child, Dublin, Ireland, where his father, from his grandfather, the Duke of Marlborough from Churchill, 7 John Spencer-Churchill, was employed by grew up.
When he entered the regular school, proved to be an independent and rebellious student at Churchill. In April 1888, his first two schools and poorly. He was sent to a boarding school hiaro school near London.
Within weeks of this entry as a career path, he joined a military rifle sent to hiaro on the cover. First of all, it is not a good choice for what appear to be military was Churchill. Three times he tried to pass the test for the British Royal Military College. However, once there they did well and
Winston Churchill
Early life, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born on 30 November 1874 for aristocratic family.
As he said to his father, saying, the Lord Randolph Churchill, his life-uz-Zaman, a British English family, and his mother, a living an independent-minded New York, jarome, sokalata to know what is the set up of these signs appear. As a child, Dublin, Ireland, where his father, from his grandfather, the Duke of Marlborough from Churchill, 7 John Spencer-Churchill, was employed by grew up.
When he entered the regular school, proved to be an independent and rebellious student at Churchill. In April 1888, his first two schools and poorly. He was sent to a boarding school hiaro school near London.
Within weeks of this entry as a career path, he joined a military rifle sent to hiaro on the cover. First of all, it is not a good choice for what appear to be military was Churchill. Three times he tried to pass the test for the British Royal Military College. However, once there they did well and
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan Muslim scholar and Traveller community. He is known for his travels and excursions called rahila going on. For a period of almost 30 years continued to travel. It's almost all well known Islamic world and beyond, North Africa, West Africa, southern Europe and Eastern Europe, the Indian subcontinent, from West to East to cover Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance of their predecessors is very easily.
After he returned from his trip to Morocco and Al-Faraj ibn al-jawzi gave to your account experience.
Death
In 1355, after a death: complete rahila Ibn Battuta is known about the life of. He was appointed a judge in Morocco and died in 1368. Despite this, one of the main account in many regions of the world, rahila fourteenth century offers.
BILL GATES
Bill Gates the world's richest person on this planet is known as. The Bill never came to pass, but now all Microsoft engineers are able to 8th grade tapars are its employees. They will be written by the age of 30, leaf, but fortunately they became challenged their teachers instead of balleonairi it.
once time bill gates in hotel after diner he give 5 dollar tip a waiter, he replied to bill gates ,when your son came here.He give 50 dollar,why you are not.Bill gates answered him,
"it was because he is the son of business men & I'm the son farmer"
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. He is the best English poems the most soul as the author. William Shakespeare is known as the most talented of a movement and its definition of the most suitable for their long poems and short poems is words. The quotations and poems and poems are one of the most memorable quotations. When we do this we to feed our mind Shakespeare's famous and reminds his dramas. Famous Shakespeare a life drama is played on stage, "she said, and some people's life, only to watch their dramas is like the end of the audience. (26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616).
Bruce Lee
The art of martial arts is the most famous in China. Bruce Lee legend just became almost 18 Kung Fu His spirit, like the teckan game was famous enough for use in. This martial arts that anyone can block below for the steps was too long. He quickly moves to the eye, but it does. His birth name was Lee Jun fan. R.I.P (27 of November 1940-20 July 1973).
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: "In your hands, my discontent fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is that the significant issue of warfare. the govt won't assail you.... you have got no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the govt, whereas I shall have the foremost solemn one to preserve, defend and defend it."
Lincoln thought secession amerciable, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and therefore the Union. once Confederate batteries dismissed on Fort Sumter and made its surrender, he known as on the states for seventy five,000 volunteers. Four additional slave states joined the Confederacy however four remained inside the Union. The warfare had begun.
The son of a Bluegrass State mountain man, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. 5 months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life:
"I was born February. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My folks were each born in Virginia, of insignificant families--second families, maybe I ought to say. My mother, United Nations agency died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... far from Bluegrass State to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... it absolutely was a wild region, with several bears and different wild animals still within the woods. There I grew up.... in fact after I came ancient I failed to recognize abundant. Still somehow, I might scan, write, and cipher ... however that was all."
Lincoln created extraordinary efforts to realize data whereas engaged on a farm, rending rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain within the Sac War, spent eight years within the Illinois assembly, and rode the circuit of courts for several years. His law partner aforementioned of him, "His ambition was a trifle engine that knew no rest."
He married Blessed Virgin Todd, and that they had four boys, only 1 of whom lived to maturity. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Sir Leslie Stephen A. Stephen Arnold Douglas for legislator. He lost the election, however in debating with Stephen Arnold Douglas he gained a national name that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860.
As President, he engineered the Republican Party into a powerful national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January one, 1863, he issued the release Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves inside the Confederacy.
Lincoln ne'er let the planet forget that the warfare concerned a good larger issue. This he expressed most movingly in dedicating the military site at Gettysburg: "that we tend to here extremely resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a replacement birth of freedom--and that government of the folks, by the folks, for the folks, shall not pass from the planet."
Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs publicized associate finish to the war. In his designing for peace, the President was versatile and generous, encouraging Southerners to get down their arms and be part of apace in reunion.
The spirit that radio-controlled him was clearly that of his Second inaugural, currently inscribed on one wall of the memorial in Washington, D. C.: "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness within the right, as God offers North American nation to visualize the proper, allow us to attempt on to complete the work we tend to square measure in; to bind up the nation's wounds.... "
On Good Friday, April 14, 1865, Lincoln was dead at Ford's Theatre in Washington by crusader Booth, an actor, United Nations agency somehow thought he was serving to the South. the alternative was the result, for with Lincoln's death, the likelihood of peace with openhandedness died.
The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov square measure from “The Presidents of the us of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey. Copyright 2006 by the White House Historical Association.
Leonardo engineer life story
Early life, 1452–1466
Self Portrait - carver engineer
Self Portrait
Leonardo was born on Gregorian calendar month fifteen, 1452, "at the third hour of the night" within the Tuscan hill city of Vinci, within the lower natural depression of the Arno within the territory of Florence. He was the illegitimate son of Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio engineer, a city official, and Caterina, a peasant World Health Organization could are a slave from the center East.
carver had no name within the trendy sense, "da Vinci" merely that means "of Vinci": his full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero public prosecutor Vinci", that means "Leonardo, son of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci."
Little is understood regarding Leonardo's youth. He spent his initial 5 years within the hamlet of Anchiano, then lived within the family of his father, grandparents and uncle, Francesco, within the community of Vinci. His father had married a sixteen-year-old woman named Albiera, World Health Organization pet carver however died young. In later life, carver solely recorded 2 childhood incidents.
One, that he considered Associate in Nursing omen, was once a kite born from the sky and hovered over his cradle, its tail feathers brushing his face. The second occurred whereas exploring within the mountains. He discovered a cave and was each panic-struck that some nice monster may lurk there, and driven by curiosity to search out out what was within.
Leonardo's youth has been the topic of historical conjecture. Vasari, the sixteenth century author of Renaissance painters tells of however a neighborhood peasant requested that Ser Piero raise his proficient son to color an image on a spherical plaque.
carver responded with a painting of snakes ejection fireplace that was therefore terrific that Ser Piero sold it to a city monger, World Health Organization sold it to the Duke of urban center. Meanwhile, having created a profit, Ser Piero bought a plaque adorned with a heart cut by Associate in Nursing arrow, that he gave to the peasant.
Verrocchio's workshop, 1466–1476
The sacrament of Christ - carver engineer
The sacrament of Christ [Detail]
In 1466, at the age of fourteen, carver was unfree to 1 of the foremost undefeated artists of his day, Andrea di Cione, called Verrocchio. Verrocchio's workshop was at the centre of the intellectual currents of Florence, reassuring the young carver of Associate in Nursing education within the humanities. different celebrated painters unfree or related to the workshop embrace Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi.
carver would are exposed to an enormous vary of technical skills and had the chance to be told drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal operating, plaster casting, animal skin operating, mechanics and woodworking similarly because the creative skills of drawing, painting, sculpting and modeling.
Much of the painted production of Verrocchio's workshop was done by his workers. in line with painter, carver collaborated with Verrocchio on his sacrament of Christ, painting the young angel holding Jesus’ gown in an exceedingly manner that was to date superior to his master's that Verrocchio place down his brush and ne'er painted once more. this is often most likely Associate in Nursing exaggeration. On shut examination, the painting reveals a lot of that has been painted or touched up over the poster color victimisation the new technique of paint, the landscape, the rocks that may be seen through the brown mountain stream and far of the figure of Savior attesting to the hand of carver.
Leonardo himself could are the model for 2 works by Verrocchio, together with the bronze sculpture of David within the stitch and therefore the Archangel archangel in Tobias and therefore the Angel.
By 1472, at the age of twenty, carver qualified as a master within the association of St Luke, the association of artists and doctors of drugs, however even once his father set him up in his own workshop, his attachment to Verrocchio was such he continued to collaborate with him. Leonardo's earliest famed dated work could be a drawing in pen and ink of the river natural depression, drawn on five August 1473.
Professional life, 1476–1513
Adoration of the Magi - carver engineer
Adoration of the Magi
Court records of 1476 show that carver and 3 different young men were charged with anal intercourse, and not guilty. From that date till 1478 there's no record of his work or maybe of his whereabouts, though it's assumed that carver had his own workshop in Florence between 1476 and 1481. He was commissioned to color Associate in Nursing reredos in 1478 for the Chapel of Saint Bernard and therefore the Adoration of the Magi in 1481 for the Monks of San Donato a Scopeto.
In 1482 carver helped secure peace between Lorenzo de' Medici and Ludovico il Filipino, Duke of urban center. carver wrote a letter to Ludovico, describing his engineering and painting ability. He created a silver harp within the form of a horse's head, with that he was sent to urban center.
Leonardo continued add urban center between 1482 and 1499. He was commissioned to color The Virgin of the Rocks for the Confraternity of the stainless Conception, and therefore the Lord's Supper for the religious residence of Santa Maria delle Grazie. whereas living in urban center between 1493 and 1495 carver listed a lady known as Caterina among his dependents in his taxation documents. once she died in 1495, her list of ceremonial expenditure suggests that she was his mother.
His work for Ludovico enclosed floats and pageants for special occasions, styles for a dome for urban center Cathedral and a model for an enormous equestrian monument to Francesco Sforza, Ludovico's forerunner. carver modelled an enormous horse in clay, that became called the "Gran Cavallo", and surpassed in size the 2 massive equestrian statues of the Renaissance. Seventy loads of bronze were put aside for casting it.
The monument remained unfinished for many years, that wasn't uncommon for carver. In 1492 the model was completed, and carver was creating elaborated plans for its casting. statue maker showing bad manners inexplicit that carver was unable to solid it. In Nov 1494 Ludovico gave the bronze to be used for cannons to defend town from invasion by Charles VIII.
At the beginning of the Second Italian War in 1499, the incursive French troops used the life-size clay model for the "Gran Cavallo" for recitation. With Ludovico Sforza overthrown, Leonardo, together with his assistant Boswellia serrata and friend, the man of science Luca Pacioli, fled urban center for Venezia, wherever he was used as a military designer and engineer, production strategies to defend town from military service attack.
The Virgin and kid with St Anne c. 1510 - carver engineer
The Virgin and kid with St Anne
On his come to Florence in 1500, he and his family were guests of the Servite monks at the religious residence of Santissima Annunziata and were given a workshop wherever, in line with painter, carver created the cartoon of The Virgin and kid with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist, a piece that won such admiration that "men and girls, young and old" flocked to check it "as if they were attending an excellent festival".
In 1502 carver entered the service of soldier, the son of Pope Pope, acting as a military designer and engineer and movement throughout European country together with his patron. He came to Florence wherever he rejoined the association of St Luke on eighteen October 1503, and spent 2 years planning and painting an excellent mural of The Battle of Anghiari for the Signoria, with statue maker planning its companion piece, The Battle of Cascina. In Florence in 1504, he was a part of a committee fashioned to relocate, against the artist's can, Michelangelo's sculpture of David.
In 1506 he came to urban center. several of Leonardo's most outstanding pupils or followers in painting either knew or worked with him in urban center, together with Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio and Marco D'Oggione. However, he didn't keep in urban center for long as a result of his father had died in 1504, and in 1507 he was back in Florence attempting to prepared issues together with his brothers over his father's estate. By 1508 he was back in urban center, living in his own house in opening Orientale within the parish of Santa Babila.
Old age
From Gregorian calendar month 1513 to 1516, carver spent a lot of of his time living within the Belvedere within the Vatican Palace in Rome, wherever Raphael and statue maker were each active at the time. In October 1515, François I of France recaptured urban center. On nineteenth Gregorian calendar month, carver was gift at the meeting of Francois I and Pope Leo X, that befell in Bologna.
it absolutely was for Francois that carver was commissioned to form a mechanical lion that may walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies. In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the utilization of the hall Clos Lucé close to the king's residence at the royal country house Amboise. it absolutely was here that he spent the last 3 years of his life, in the midst of his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, supported by a pension totalling ten,000 scudi.
Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, France, on May 2, 1519. François I had become a detailed friend. painter records that the King control Leonardo's head in his arms as he died, though this story, beloved by the French and represented in romantic paintings by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Ménageot and different French artists, is also legend instead of truth. painter conjointly tells North American country that in his last days, carver sent for a priest to form his confession and to receive the Holy Eucharist. In accordance to his can, sixty beggars followed his casket.
He was buried within the Chapel of Saint-Hubert within the castle of Amboise. Melzi was the principal heir and fiduciary, receiving similarly as cash, Leonardo's paintings, tools, library and private effects. carver conjointly remembered his different long-time pupil and companion, Boswellia serrata and his servant Battista di Vilussis, World Health Organization every received half Leonardo's vineyards, his brothers World Health Organization received land, and his serving girl World Health Organization received a black cloak of excellent stuff with a fur edge.
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